AWS Certified Security - Specialty

Question#151

A company is designing the security architecture for a global latency-sensitive web application it plans to deploy to AWS. A security engineer needs to configure a highly available and secure two-tier architecture. The security design must include controls to prevent common attacks such as DDoS, cross-site scripting, and
SQL injection.
Which solution meets these requirements?

A. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that uses public subnets across multiple Availability Zones within a single Region. Point the ALB to an Auto Scaling group with Amazon EC2 instances in private subnets across multiple Availability Zones within the same Region. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution that uses the ALB as its origin. Create appropriate AWS WAF ACLs and enable them on the CloudFront distribution.
B. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that uses private subnets across multiple Availability Zones within a single Region. Point the ALB to an Auto Scaling group with Amazon EC2 instances in private subnets across multiple Availability Zones within the same Region. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution that uses the ALB as its origin. Create appropriate AWS WAF ACLs and enable them on the CloudFront distribution.
C. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that uses public subnets across multiple Availability Zones within a single Region. Point the ALB to an Auto Scaling group with Amazon EC2 instances in private subnets across multiple Availability Zones within the same Region. Create appropriate AWS WAF ACLs and enable them on the ALB.
D. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that uses private subnets across multiple Availability Zones within a single Region. Point the ALB to an Auto Scaling group with Amazon EC2 instances in private subnets across multiple Availability Zones within the same Region. Create appropriate AWS WAF ACLs and enable them on the ALB.

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B

Question#152

A company is using AWS Organizations to manage multiple AWS accounts. The company has an application that allows users to assume the AppUser IAM role to download files from an Amazon S3 bucket that is encrypted with an AWS KMS CMK. However, when users try to access the files in the S3 bucket, they get an access denied error.
What should a security engineer do to troubleshoot this error? (Choose three.)

A. Ensure the KMS policy allows the AppUser role to have permission to decrypt for the CMK.
B. Ensure the S3 bucket policy allows the AppUser role to have permission to get objects for the S3 bucket.
C. Ensure the CMK was created before the S3 bucket.
D. Ensure the S3 block public access feature is enabled for the S3 bucket.
E. Ensure that automatic key rotation is disabled for the CMK.
F. Ensure the SCPs within Organizations allow access to the S3 bucket.

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BDE

Question#153

A city is implementing an election results reporting website that will use Amazon CloudFront. The website runs on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances behind an
Application Load Balancer (ALB) in an Auto Scaling group. Election results are updated hourly and are stored as .pdf files in an Amazon S3 bucket. A security engineer needs to ensure that all external access to the website goes through CloudFront.
Which solution meets these requirements?

A. Create an IAM role that allows CloudFront to access the specific S3 bucket. Modify the S3 bucket policy to allow only the new IAM role to access its contents. Create an interface VPC endpoint for CloudFront to securely communicate with the ALB.
B. Create an IAM role that allows CloudFront to access the specific S3 bucket. Modify the S3 bucket policy to allow only the new IAM role to access its contents. Associate the ALB with a security group that allows only incoming traffic from the CloudFront service to communicate with the ALB.
C. Create an origin access identity (OAI) in CloudFront. Modify the S3 bucket policy to allow only the new OAI to access the bucket contents. Create an interface VPC endpoint for CloudFront to securely communicate with the ALB.
D. Create an origin access identity (OAI) in CloudFront. Modify the S3 bucket policy to allow only the new OAI to access the bucket contents. Associate the ALB with a security group that allows only incoming traffic from the CloudFront service to communicate with the ALB.

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C

Question#154

Which of the following are valid configurations for using SSL certificates with Amazon CloudFront? (Choose three.)

A. Default AWS Certificate Manager certificate
B. Custom SSL certificate stored in AWS KMS
C. Default CloudFront certificate
D. Custom SSL certificate stored in AWS Certificate Manager
E. Default SSL certificate stored in AWS Secrets Manager
F. Custom SSL certificate stored in AWS IAM

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ACD

Question#155

An AWS account administrator created an IAM group and applied the following managed policy to require that each individual user authenticate using multi-factor authentication:

After implementing the policy, the administrator receives reports that users are unable to perform Amazon EC2 commands using the AWS CLI.
What should the administrator do to resolve this problem while still enforcing multi-factor authentication?

A. Change the value of aws:MultiFactorAuthPresent to true.
B. Instruct users to run the aws sts get-session-token CLI command and pass the multi-factor authentication --serial-number and --token-code parameters. Use these resulting values to make API/CLI calls.
C. Implement federated API/CLI access using SAML 2.0, then configure the identity provider to enforce multi-factor authentication.
D. Create a role and enforce multi-factor authentication in the role trust policy. Instruct users to run the sts assume-role CLI command and pass --serial-number and --token-code parameters. Store the resulting values in environment variables. Add sts:AssumeRole to NotAction in the policy.

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B

Question#156

A recent security audit identified that a company's application team injects database credentials into the environment variables of an AWS Fargate task. The company's security policy mandates that all sensitive data be encrypted at rest and in transit.
Which combination of actions should the security team take to make the application compliant with the security policy? (Choose three.)

A. Store the credentials securely in a file in an Amazon S3 bucket with restricted access to the application team IAM role. Ask the application team to read the credentials from the S3 object instead.
B. Create an AWS Secrets Manager secret and specify the key/value pairs to be stored in this secret.
C. Modify the application to pull credentials from the AWS Secrets Manager secret instead of the environment variables.
D. Add the following statement to the container instance IAM role policy:
E. Add the following statement to the task execution role policy:
F. Log in to the AWS Fargate instance, create a script to read the secret value from AWS Secrets Manager, and inject the environment variables. Ask the application team to redeploy the application.

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AEF

Question#157

A security engineer is responsible for providing secure access to AWS resources for thousands of developers in a company's corporate identity provider (IdP). The developers access a set of AWS services from their corporate premises using IAM credentials. Due to the volume of requests for provisioning new IAM users, it is taking a long time to grant access permissions. The security engineer receives reports that developers are sharing their IAM credentials with others to avoid provisioning delays. This causes concern about overall security for the security engineer.
Which actions will meet the program requirements that address security?

A. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm for AWS CloudTrail events. Create a metric filter to send a notification when the same set of IAM credentials is used by multiple developers.
B. Create a federation between AWS and the existing corporate IdP. Leverage IAM roles to provide federated access to AWS resources.
C. Create a VPN tunnel between the corporate premises and the VPC. Allow permissions to all AWS services only if it originates from corporate premises.
D. Create multiple IAM roles for each IAM user. Ensure that users who use the same IAM credentials cannot assume the same IAM role at the same time.

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B
Reference:
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles_common-scenarios_federated-users.html

Question#158

A company hosts an application on Amazon EC2 that is subject to specific rules for regulatory compliance. One rule states that traffic to and from the workload must be inspected for network-level attacks. This involves inspecting the whole packet.
To comply with this regulatory rule, a security engineer must install intrusion detection software on a c5n.4xlarge EC2 instance. The engineer must then configure the software to monitor traffic to and from the application instances.
What should the security engineer do next?

A. Place the network interface in promiscuous mode to capture the traffic.
B. Configure VPC Flow Logs to send traffic to the monitoring EC2 instance using a Network Load Balancer.
C. Configure VPC traffic mirroring to send traffic to the monitoring EC2 instance using a Network Load Balancer.
D. Use Amazon Inspector to detect network-level attacks and trigger an AWS Lambda function to send the suspicious packets to the EC2 instance.

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C

Question#159

A company's security officer is concerned about the risk of AWS account root user logins and has assigned a security engineer to implement a notification solution for near-real-time alerts upon account root user logins.
How should the security engineer meet these requirements?

A. Create a cron job that runs a script to download the AWS IAM security credentials file, parse the file for account root user logins, and email the security team's distribution list.
B. Run AWS CloudTrail logs through Amazon CloudWatch Events to detect account root user logins and trigger an AWS Lambda function to send an Amazon SNS notification to the security team's distribution list.
C. Save AWS CloudTrail logs to an Amazon S3 bucket in the security team's account. Process the CloudTrail logs with the security engineer's logging solution for account root user logins. Send an Amazon SNS notification to the security team upon encountering the account root user login events.
D. Save VPC Flow Logs to an Amazon S3 bucket in the security team's account, and process the VPC Flow Logs with their logging solutions for account root user logins. Send an Amazon SNS notification to the security team upon encountering the account root user login events.

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B
Reference:
https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/mt/monitor-and-notify-on-aws-account-root-user-activity/

Question#160

A company wants to encrypt data locally while meeting regulatory requirements related to key exhaustion. The encryption key can be no more than 10 days old or encrypt more than 2^16 objects. Any encryption key must be generated on a FIPS-validated hardware security module (HSM). The company is cost-conscious, as it plans to upload an average of 100 objects to Amazon S3 each second for sustained operations across 5 data producers.
Which approach MOST efficiently meets the company's needs?

A. Use the AWS Encryption SDK and set the maximum age to 10 days and the maximum number of messages encrypted to 2^16. Use AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) to generate the master key and data key. Use data key caching with the Encryption SDK during the encryption process.
B. Use AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) to generate an AWS managed CMK. Then use Amazon S3 client-side encryption configured to automatically rotate with every object.
C. Use AWS CloudHSM to generate the master key and data keys. Then use Boto 3 and Python to locally encrypt data before uploading the object. Rotate the data key every 10 days or after 2^16 objects have been uploaded to Amazon S3.
D. Use server-side encryption with Amazon S3 managed encryption keys (SSE-S3) and set the master key to automatically rotate.

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C